Biology Through the Eyes of Faith - 2357 Words

Biology through the Eyes of Faith Richard T. Wright This is an awesome book. It describes the outlook of biology not only through the eyes of faith, but from a Christian theistic point of view. In Biology through the Eyes of Faith, it explains the difference between a scientist’s perception of nature oppose to a Christian’s perception. Scientists say the world evolved which conflicts with the theistic view, which says the world came about through the creator God. In chapter 1, Professor Wright speaks of the living world having many things to amaze us. Once nature catches out attention we realize that biology as a whole affects human life. Yet, many people still debate where life originated. He introduces two worldviews between the Natives†¦show more content†¦Richard also speaks of four interpretive frameworks for relating science and scripture. Concordism says that the Bible contains information about nature that harmonizes with scientific reasoning. Substitutionism suggests if the Bible doesn’t agree with scientific truth it should be substituted for the scientific reasoning. Compartmentalism says science and scripture should be kept apart because they are two different things. Complementarism says that science and scripture complement each other. In chapter 6, Richard opens up with ultimate origins. He suggests that the theistic view should be considered in the work of scientists to probe the origin of life in the distant past. Richard speaks of Pasteur’s demolition of the spontaneous generation theory, which created a problem for those who saw the world from a naturalistic perspective. Pasteur stood on God being the creator as the only alternative. There seemed to be a battle between scientific reasoning and the theistic view. Yet, scientific reasoning involves faith as well. Some of the major problems with scientific views are: questions of oxygen being present in the atmosphere; the lack of geological evidence for the primordial soup of organic compounds or protocells; the high degree of investigator interference in prebiotic simulation experiments; and difficulties in imagining the jump from biopolymers and protocells to the first living and reproducing cell. Scientists Thaxton, Bradley, and Olsen states a distinct ionShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Between Faith and Science805 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s world there is an ongoing debate between faith and science. The extraordinary advances of science have sometimes led to the belief that it is capable of answering by itself all of mans questions and resolving all his problems. Some have concluded that by now there is no longer any need for God. It has been said that one must choose between faith and science: either one embraces one or believes in the other. People seem to have faith belief in God as creator of life and some have scientificRead MoreHow Can A Christian Be A Biologist? Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pagesanswer this question of how a Christian can be a Biologist with a quote from the book Biology Through the Eyes of Faith by Richard T. Wright that says, â€Å"The Scriptures proclaim that creation declares its maker, and that the testimony of the creation is so strong that we are without excuse if we do not see in it the evid ence of a Creator God.† Even though biologists can see the magnificence of God’s world through their work, it is also easy to see The Fall. We have recently learned about proto-oncogenesRead MoreMy Course Load On A Pre Med Track1428 Words   |  6 Pagesthose, I am in General Biology I, General Chemistry I, General Biology Lab I, General Chemistry Lab I, Calculus, and General English Composition. Although it is a vigorous course, a strong suit of mine is time management which is extremely helpful. 2. I am fascinated by the science field. It is constantly changing through new discoveries. I find it very interesting that everything in this field may not be true and can be proven wrong. There is nothing set in stone and through these new discoveriesRead MoreCreationism Vs. Evolution1130 Words   |  5 Pages Where do we come from? The creation of the world has been told through many different stories, and from a variety of religions across the world. The argument between evolution and creation has been debated back and forth for years. So how do we know which claim is correct? Has all life evolved from simple bacteria to all the species that appear today, or did life on earth begin with Gods creation of Adam from dust and his partner Eve from adam’s rib bone. As a child I grew up attending church everyRead MoreI am mesmerized by all the different faiths and practices that exist in society today, and how some600 Words   |  3 PagesI am mesmerized by all the different faiths and practices that exist in society today, and how some have so much faith while others have so many questions and doubts. I enjoy exploring different theories and interpretations of religious documents, manuscripts and doctrines. In my study of A-level religion i studied the Celtic Church which I found fascinating. We looked at the writings of Saint Patrick and I had a keen interest in critically analyzing and interpreting his writings.While remainingRead MoreEssay on The Failings of Fundamentalism958 Words   |  4 Pagesand press their interpretation of the book upon society. But the certainty at fundamentalism’s core is unwarranted, leading them to wrongfully ignore their oppositions’ own valid opinions and the potential gains that come with them. In the eyes of Christian fundamentalists, their actions are protecting God’s will; they are upholding the laws of the Supreme Being, thus keeping society on the right path. Fundamentalists’ core beliefs â€Å"[are] encapsulated under the rubric of ‘the inerrancyRead MoreReflection On Creationism821 Words   |  4 Pagesof Catholic school education, my knowledge of evolution is biased. One teacher, specifically, refused to teach the concept of evolution because it conflicted with her personal beliefs as a practicing nun. My biology teacher, however, taught evolution through multiple perspectives. I am a faith-filled individual with a scientific mind. There is too much scientific evidence backing evolution to disregard the concept altogether, yet I believe in the role of a higher being on creation. In regards to humanRead MoreThe Design Argument for the Existence of God Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesThe Design Argument for the Existence of God While theology may take Gods existence as absolutely necessary on the basis of authority, faith, or discovery, many philosophers have thought it possible to demonstrate by reason that there must be a God. The teleological argument, also known as the argument from design quite simply states that a designer must exist since the universe and living things display elements of design in their order, consistency, unity and patternRead MoreThe Human Body And Intricacies Of Biology841 Words   |  4 Pagesearly intrigue in the complexity of the human body and intricacies of biology had lead me into the path of medicine. It dawned on me whilst I gained opportunities to observe and speak to experienced physicians regarding sophisticated human physiology during the warding period of my father before he underwent a balloon angioplasty surgery. My aspiration to pursue medicine was further fortified by my enjoyment in studying Biology and it enormously gratified my discovery of ever new scientific knowledgeRead MoreCreationism : A Theory Of Primordial History1585 Words   |  7 Pagestaught in the public classroom. Evolutionists and Creationists both have their reasons why their beliefs should be taught in the public classroom. The matter of the fact is that both of these are considered beliefs, things that are only backed by faith. Only faith, they are not supported by fact which makes them not a theory or hypothesis. Throughout history the debate between whether it is ethically right or wrong to teach these has been ongoing for too long and must come to a stop. These beliefs should

Identifying The Different Ways Online Identity Theft

Identify and discuss the different ways online identity theft can be achieved by a cybercriminal Identity theft is when your personal details are stolen. Identity theft occurs when someone steals your personal information with the intention to access bank accounts for example, or commit many other crimes in your name and at your expense. Identity theft is a growing threat in the uk which is increasing at a rapid rate. It is said that it could be one of the leading threats in the coming years. Analysis of fraud trends in 2012 revealed 50% of all frauds identified during the year relate to the impersonation of an innocent victim or the use of completely false identities. Account takeover fraud, where a fraudster gains access to and hijacks†¦show more content†¦Some might even ask to send a check to clear any changes. Another way thieves can get your details can be through atms. They can do this by using a method calling ‘skimming’ this is when they get your personal information by attaching a data storage device to the arm and the details will transfer to it when you swipe your card. Another straight forward type of identity theft is a direct theft, this maybe when the thief will steal a wallet or somehow get your personal information by taking your personal letter out of the bins. This is why peo ple must insure to shred important personal letters like bank statements. Cyber criminals targeted users of Skype, Facebook and Windows using multiple Black hole exploits in October, according to the latest threat report from security firm GFI Software. Researchers uncovered a large number of Black hole exploits disguised as licences, account verification emails, Skype voicemail notifications and spam messages. (Ashford) A recent survey of 1,900 small businesses around the globe by internet security firm Symantec found the firms were plainly aware of cyber threats. They singled out specific problems like targeted attacks, keystroke logging, and the dangers of using smartphones for company business.(Millar.Bbc) If you’re a victim of identity theft, it can lead to fraud that can have a direct impact on your

Development of the Mechanized Cotton Industry in Japan and Indai free essay sample

During the late 1800s and early 1900s both India and Japan worked towards mechanizing their cotton industries, and while there were many similarities in the way that this industry was developed and the end result significant differences were also present. Low pay and poor conditions were present in both areas and in both china and japan a large part of their labor force came from rural areas. However while in Japan the labor force was overwhelmingly female this was not the case in India. Furthermore the mechanized cotton industry developed much more slowly in Japan than it did in India. Documents 3,4,7, and 8 show gender roles and differences in Japan and India in this particular industry. Documents 1,6,9, and 10 address the mechanized cotton industry in India while Documents 2,3,4,5,7, and 8 address the mechanized cotton industry in Japan. Documents 4,5, and 9 address the peasant labor in both Japan and India additionally documents 1 and 2 point out the speed of growth and development of this industry in both countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Development of the Mechanized Cotton Industry in Japan and Indai or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Finally Documents 3,5, and 9 point out the poor conditions and low pay that was present in both countries. Bias could clearly be found in documents 8 as the picture was taken from the official company history so it was probably staged and used to make people believe that the workers were happy and that the conditions were good in their factories. Additional bias is found in document 5 where Tsurumi, a Japanese industrialist, speaks about the many benefits of industrializing the cotton industry. However as an industrialist he is prone to conformation bias and would do everything in his power to make industrialization look like a good thing. Despite the similar development of the cotton industry in these two countries distinct differences emerged, primarily in the work distribution between genders. In japan factory workers in the cotton industry were primarily female (doc. 8) wheras in India the opposite was true (doc. 10). This point is further proved when you look at actual statistics. In japan a large majority, roughly 80%, of textile workers were women. In India that number fluctuated between 18% and 22% (doc7). This reflects Japan’s beliefs on the role of women in the workplace and shows India’s flexibility on gender roles. While this was the most predominate difference, others did exist. For one, the industrialized cotton industry developed much on a smaller scale in japan, with 666 million pounds of cotton yarn (both hand spun and machine spun) produced in 1914 (doc. 2), than it did in India, with 740 million pounds of cotton yarn (both handspun and machine spun) in 1914(doc. 1). This may have been partly due to Britain’s occupation of India and Japan’s early internalization. India’s rapid shift towards machine spun yarn was also due strong financial backing from bankers and investors in India (doc. 6). Despite these notable differences, both India and Japan shared various similarities in their mechanization of the cotton industry. Poor conditions and low pay developed for workers in both countries, especially in japan. Girls were forced to work late in confined space and pay was sparse, on top of that sickness was common and some died from diseases spread in the factories (doc. 3). However despite low pay, factory jobs were important for many lower class or farmer families. Many would send their children to work in the factories to provide extra income to their family (doc. 4). Also factory jobs provided an escape from those same lower class strata’s for the girls who went to work as they became responsible for themselves and weren’t held back forced to provide for an entire family (doc. 5). This same effect was true in India where the vast majority of workers were recruited from small rural farming villages (doc. 9). These similarities are clearly defined as inherent aspects of industrialization in a non-industrialized society. In writing this essay an extra document from the richer classes would have been useful to truly contrast and show the effects that industrialization had on the lower class.

Mental Illness A Society of Stigma Essay Example For Students

Mental Illness: A Society of Stigma Essay Mental Illness: A Society of Stigma Essay I would like to start this essay by saying that mental illness is an issue that hits extremely close to home. Both of my uncles on my fathers side developed schizophrenia in their 20s. One of them, upon being diagnosed, committed suicide. This happened before I was born, but the fall-out is still visible in my family. The other now lives in a home for those with mental illness. He is on medication, which helps with many of the symptoms, and has been an important pillar in my life. There is a fair chance that either my brother or I may contract schizophrenia, and for these reasons, mental illness will always be a large part of my life. I say this, not to arouse pity, but simply to make a point that no matter where you stand on mental illness, chances are that you or someone close to you will endure some type of mental illness. We are all responsible to aid those who are in need of it, and the way we respond to the call will define us as human beings. Definition A concise definition or idea of mental illness is fairly difficultly obtainable. Mental illness covers an extremely wide range of cases, symptoms and patients, which makes a cumulative definition hard without leaving out many main areas. A definition of mental illness is further impeded by taking into account the personal subjective ness of a mental illness (eg: some may view homosexuality as a mental illness). One of the more inclusive definitions describes mental illness as: A pathological state of mind producing clinically significant psychological or physiological symptoms (distress) together with impairment in one or more major areas of functioning (disability) wherein improvement can reasonably be anticipated with therapy. In addition, for the purpose of definition only, mental illness includes alcoholism, and drug abuse and other controlled substance (drug) abuse. The Individual The above definition misses much of the individual experiences of mental illness. Mental illnesses will disrupt a persons feelings and emotions, the way they think and view their surrounds, and their moods. Mental illnesses will also affect a persons ability to communicate and relate to others. Although symptoms and diagnosis of mental illnesses are fairly well known and classified into separate afflictions, the causes are less understood. In many ways the cause of mental illness boils down to a debate of nurture vs. nature: whether mental illnesses are the results of our environmental and situational experiences, or whether mental illnesses are inherited and passed on through gene-specific traits. Some types of mental illnesses are thought to be categorized into either the nature (ADHD, Alzheimers, schizophrenia), or nurture category (anorexia, alcohol abuse), but without further developments into the workings of the brain, and also in genetics, it is hard to tell for sure. Services In Toronto there exist numerous organizations and establishments that have been created over the years to aid and assist those affected by mental illnesses. Some examples of these are institutes that provide shelter and psychiatric care for patients such as the Center for Addiction and Mental Heat; organizations that provide those with mental illnesses the oppourtunity to work and develop a sense of self-value and self-esteem; places like the Scott Mission that provide meals and shelter for homeless and unemployed, many of whom are living that way due to mental illness (or who have developed mental illness due to poverty); and Parkdale Recreation center, which gives people a place to socialize and interact with others who are in similar situations, with whom they can relate. .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769 , .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769 .postImageUrl , .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769 , .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769:hover , .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769:visited , .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769:active { border:0!important; } .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769:active , .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769 .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueb1cc4b7cebc4c8fcc650e12d0341769:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Making Important Life Decisions Essay These organizations are doing wonderful work in our communities, but there still needs to be more done. The article talks of organizations that work to give people with mental illnesses a sense of meaning, but it also talks of people surviving in atrocious, unlivable conditions. It discusses people living in a fear caused by the separation they feel from everyone around them. The article also talks of an issue many of us are extremely accustom to, which is the daily occurrence to witness someone with a mental illness to be living on the street. In all of these cases people are slipping .

HRM practices worlwide Essay Example

HRM practices worlwide Essay Building the National HR Competency Model: The four pillars of Professionalism By Marius Meyer, CEO: SA Board for People Practices (SABPP) Last month we introduced you to the new national HR Competency Model of the SA Board for People Practices (SABPP). As the HR standards-setting and professional body for HR, the aim of the model is to set a national standard for HR competence, and to provide HR professionals with a common framework for developing the required competencies in meeting the national standard. The model recognises that HR professionals are at different levels, specialisations and stages in their careers, et a common framework is intended to provide focus, consistency and development opportunities. SA Board for People Practices www. sabpp. co. za The competency model consists of three broad competence areas: 1 . The four pillars of professionalism form the square shape of the house as the foundation for professional HR practice. 2. Five core competencies needed by HR professionals to do high quality HR work constitute the building blocks. 3. Five HR capabilities required to ensure strategic HR impact form the roof. In this article we focus on the pillars of professionalism, i. e. duty to society, ethics, rofessionalism, as well as HR and Business knowledge. The central argument is that for HR to have an impact at the strategic and governance levels of organisations, we first need to get the basics right, not only to be regarded as true professionals, but also to develop our competence at the basic entry level where any profession gains stature and credibility, as the foundation of competence in any profession. We will write a custom essay sample on HRM practices worlwide specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on HRM practices worlwide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on HRM practices worlwide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer PILLARS OF HR PROFESSIONALISM Drawing on the doctoral study by Penny Abbott at the University of Johannesburg, and masters dissertation of Huma van Rensburg at the University of Pretoria, but eworked as part of the new national HR competency model, the four pillars of HR professionalism form the foundation of the HR Competency Model: 2 Duty to society: Penny Abbott highlighted the socio-economic role of HR in society. HR professionals have a duty to society in delivering high quality HR work that has an impact on society. As professionals it is our duty to ensure that employers comply with labour and other relevant legislation and codes of good practice. We also need to be the custodians for good people practices in organisations, and ensure that people are treated fairly, and with respect and dignity. Furthermore, HR competence in driving effective transformation, skills development, sustainability and BBBEE interventions contributes significantly in fulfilling our duty to society. In addition, meeting or exceeding international labour standards such as the guidelines of the International Labor Organization epitomises our commitment and duty to society. On the negative side, but consistent with the standards and approaches used by other professional bodies, SABPP needs to ensure that registered HR professionals who do not meet professional and ethical standards are scrapped from the HR register of rofessionals. In this way, we fulfill our duty to society by protecting society (employees, employers and broader society) against unprofessional and unethical practitioners. Ethics: HR professionals should contribute to ethics in organisations and drive ethics in accordance with the SABPP Ethical Code and HR Guide on Ethics. Hence, competence in the area of ethics enables HR professionals to support management teams in meeting the ethical requirements of the King Ill Code on Governance for South Africa, as well as the requirements of the Companies Act. On he one hand, we need to behave ethically as HR professionals and meet our own national professional code of ethics irrespective of where we do HR work. On the other hand, HR professionals have to play a proactive role in driving ethics and values within their organisations in accordance with the espoused values and principles of their companies. Thus, HR professionals become champions of ethics, integrity and honesty in the workplace. The real test of HR competence in the area of ethics is whether we can challenge and influence management in creating an ethical alues-driven organisational culture. Professionalism: HR professionals should manage themselves professionally in acting and behaving like true professionals in the standard of HR work they deliver. Competence as a professional constitutes two areas of competency, i. e. etting the basics of professionalism right, and secondly to provide professional approaches to HR problems and issues in the workplace. The ability to analyse problems in a professional and systematic way, and to deliver professionalism is all about. The basics of professionalism are to get the few ssential professional work skills right, for example doing your homework about an issue, preparing a high quality professional report or presentation, and providing appropriate feedback and measurements abou t the solutions implemented. HR and Business knowledge: HR professionals must have good HR and sound business knowledge if they want to be successful as professionals and strategic partners. HR professionals need sound HR knowledge of all aspects of HR, from HR planning and recruitment, right through to exit strategies. While functional experts such as organisation development or remuneration specialists require in-depth nowledge of their specialist areas, all HR generalists need to have sound knowledge of all HR functions in order to deliver integrated HR solutions. In 3 addition to HR knowledge, HR professionals must possess business knowledge to ensure alignment between HR work and the needs of the business. Therefore, the importance of sound business acumen to enable and compliment the execution of professional HR work can not be over-emphasised. CONCLUSION The new SABPP HR Competency model sets the benchmark for HR professionalism in the modern South African work environment. Considering the four pillars outlined in this article, one could say that our duty to society forms the foundation of the HR competency house. In essence, our duty to society compels us to answer the question: What difference do we make as HR professionals to our organisations and the society in which we operate? Ethics and professionalism are the walls. If the foundation and walls are not strong, the house will fall down. Furthermore, HR and business knowledge is the ceiling of the house, thus acquiring sound HR and business knowledge opens up opportunities for HR professionals to move to the trategic level of the HR house, i. e. the roof. Ultimately, all professions are guided by similar pillars, although the context differs from profession to profession. Building the HR profession on a strong foundation and grounded in the four pillars, HR professional competence does not only resolve around the need for getting its own house in order, it also positions HR at a comparable level of competence to other professions. However, our credibility as HR professionals will depend on our ability to continuously develop our competence in the four pillars of the HR profession in order o raise to the level of excellence expected from our stakeholders. Acknowledgements: SABPP acknowledges the masters dissertation of Huma van Rensburg completed at Johannesburg as the conceptual background to this article. We thank Alan Hosking for publishing the model in the countrys top HR magazine, HR Future. For more information about HR Future, go to www. hrfuture. net and for more information about SABPP, visit www. sabpp. co. za Comments about the new HR Competency model are very welcome and will be used for further refinement and development, please send your views to [emailprotected] co. za. 4

Of mice and men report essays

Of mice and men report essays a) The story is written in third person. b) This is in third person because the word I, me, or my is only used in speech. a) The time is around the 1900s. b) This takes place a few miles south of Soledad. c) The story is written in past tense. 3) There are two main characters. George is a short, smart person who has a hard life and a short temper with Lennie, the other main character. Lennie is a big, strong man. He is not very smart and is very gentle. He likes small soft things like rabbits. 4) The force working against George and Lennie is lack of money. They want to have enough money to buy a house with animals to raise. They want to live off the fat of the land and Lennie wants to tend the rabbits. They can conquer lack of money by getting a job and saving up money. Slim: A tall man with black hair and the leader of the ranch. Curley: A short mean man who looks for trouble. Carlson: A powerful big-stomached man who has a five puppies. Crooks: A black stable buck with a hurt back and is nice. Candy: A nice guy with a really old dog. Curleys Wife: A very pretty lady who Lennie likes. 6) The main problem the characters face is finding a house and the money to buy it. They do find a house a lady is selling for cheap and try to get a deal on it. George just must keep Lennie out of trouble until they can get all of the money. A) Beginning: Lennie and George are traveling to where their new job is. They are by a pond. George and Lennie are described together in the scene and all other characters are introduced as they meet them. B) Middle: Lennie tries not to do anything wrong and Georg ...

Statement of Purpose Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Of Purpose - Personal Statement Example Criminology is my favorite subject and I think this is a right time for me to go further in the field of criminology as I have not only completed my bachelor degree but also I fully determined to establish my career in criminal justice department. My good grades in the criminology related subjects, which I studied at bachelor level, also show my extreme interest and aptitude in the field of criminal justice. Another reason why am I interested in the master degree program that is being offered by the University of South Florida is my passion and determination to obtain master degree from one of the top universities of the world. I am seeking my professional career in criminal justice, and that can be possible if I study under guidance of highly experienced faculty of this university. My English language proficiency, educational background in criminal justice, and interest in this field make me a suitable candidate for getting admission in the University of South Florida. The Universit y of South Florida is known for its talented faculty not only in the fields of accounting, public health, and arts, but also in all other courses that are being offered by the university. It is due to the well-experienced faculty of University of South Florida, that today I feel very pleased while thinking of doing my masters from this university.

Wall-Mart Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wall-Mart Case - Assignment Example Nevertheless, this led to deterioration of reputation of the company. Furthermore, it is concluded by Wal-Mart that the sole focus on associates and customers is no longer viewed to be as viable option. The implementation of non-market strategy is observed as the viable choice to change the reputation of the company and address the critics. There are several interests which are opposed to Wal-Mart such as campaigning which is furthermore backed by unions. The organizing for nonmarket actions has been heavily influenced by campaigning carried by the organization on internet. Furthermore, this is supported by more than 160,000 people. The key interests that are aligned to Wal-Mart Company are the joining of activist group ACORN and other communities such as SEIU and UFCW. The primary focus of the group of communities is to form workers Association for better condition for employees working in Wal-Mart. Some of the nonmarket actions taken by activists are by reducing the number of hours of working. There can be drastic alteration on nonmarket environment after the resolution of current issues. The own actions of firm and external forces are viewed to be as primary sources for commencement of nonmarket issues. The Wal-Mart association named ACORN is viewed to be as pivotal institutional arenas which can help to lessen the issues. The role of government institutions is regarded as vital and sense of hope for other critics and unions of Wal-Mart. The government is pivotal for controlling of opportunities and non-market strategies. There are four condition that are regarded are vital for successful nonmarket strategy. The participation of field units, support of top management, effective decision-making process and determination are some primary conditions. The strategy implemented by Wal-Mart is only based on growth and low prices. There are other vital elements that are required to be focused

ICT327 Assignment 2 Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ICT327 Assignment 2 Questions - Essay Example team conflict is associated with lower intrateam trust, which in turn may influence team structure by (1) reducing individual autonomy and (2) loosening task interdependencies in teams. This combination makes for a less than ideal team design. The strategies that they can be applied in resolving the conflict would be first to organize personal meeting with each one of the members of the team and try to figure out the problems and then with the whole team. The problems that have to be diagnosed are: personal and functional. By personal we mean that if there are any incompatibilities between the personalities of the team members. A useful tool apart from the personal meetings would be to do the Brystol – Myers test for each member of the team and see the personality incompatibilities and try to combine the most compatible personalities together and redefine their role. The meetings will also serve as a tool for solving issues and develop intrateam trust. From the functional point of view it is important to see if there are any dysfunctionalities i.e. hindrances in the work flow, obstacles of the info that the team requires, issues with the cooperation with the other departments of the organization. Then, if these or some of these dysfunctionalities occur then there must be a redesign of the processes that the team needs in order to work effectively. b. There should be organized a personal meeting with the experienced team member and see where exactly the problem is with his role. Then, a meeting with the rest of the team and the member would be set up in order to clarify the problem and the relations of the other members. The impacts that the leave of the team member will have on the project would be detrimental for the morale of the rest of the team and it may influence other members to leave the project or they may feel overburdened since they have to fill the knowledge gap that the absence of the member will create. In this case, there is the need to fill the

The Formative And Summative Assessment English Language Essay

The Formative And Summative Assessment English Language Essay Why is assessment necessary? Schwartz and Webb (2002) state that from the past 30 years and the great number of language teaching research, assessment is not only the central part of work for teachers, but also the main driver of learning. That is to say, assessment is for teachers and students, to know not only how well they have done but also where they have done well and where they need to make great efforts. Assessment is frequently divided into summative assessment and formative assessment. Testing is the basic way of summative assessment. We often set a test at the end of the learning period. Formative assessment involves the collecting of information or evidence of a learners learning progress in the classroom. (Wang, 2006) Testing is the method most often used in China. For example, in 2011, 9,330,000 high school students took part in the University and College Entrance Examination in China. The enrollment rate of the exam is 72.3%, and only approximately 40% students would be enrolled by universities. Actually, 2011 was not the peak time, the real peak time was at 2008, at that time, the number of Chinese students attending the University and College Entrance Examination is 10,500,000. In 2009, there were 740 universities and 1168colleges in China. Therefore, it is hard to imagine how difficult if the university and colleges selected students without testing. That also led to tests becoming the most important way for evaluating students no matter when they entrance the high education before or after. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Formative and Summative assessment Why assess?, in answering this question, it deals not only with the purposes of assessment, but also the issue of who needs or uses the results. Biggs (1999) pointed out the important distinction between formative and summative functions. The main purpose of summative assessment is to make a judgement regarding each students performance. Students are marked at the end of a module, course or unit, so the results of such assessments are often presented in marks or grades. Summative judgements are also used to accredit learners as the end of the programme. (Falchikov, 2005) Nevo (1995) described these judgements as being for certification and diagnostic purposes. There is a critical thinking about summative assessment: Can test scores be used to inform us about our teaching and learning? Nevo (1995) considered that the answer is: not very much. Because of the students ability and achievement in learning are not measurable in terms of one single test. Even if they can reveal some problems about our teaching or learning, it is often too late to do anything about them, as it is already the end of a learning period. Different from summative assessment, formative assessment is based on information collected in the classroom work and that attention to improving its practice can enhance the learners achievements. For example, English teachers ask students to write an essay, complete a research project, or give a speech in front of whole class. This kind of assessment will provide more information on students learning during the learning process and will be useful for teachers to adjust their teaching according to students needs and base teaching on the success or difficulties of students learning. Formative assessment will be similar to activities that are often carried out in classroom. Students may develop their assessment tasks based on certain classroom activities, work out criteria to be followed when assessing students performance, and do record keeping. The issues involved here are summarized very briefly by Miller, Imrie, and Cox (1998). Formative assessment focuses on the process of learning, and gives students practice in essential skill such as essay writing, problem solving. This type of assessment should be to provide regular feedback to students in order to stimulate learning. (Miller, Imrie and Cox, 1998) Harlen (2004) states the relationship between assessment for formative and summative purpose. Teachers can use summative assessment evidence to help learning, and at the same time, using formative assessment information for summative assessment. It is both a weakness and a strength that summative assessment derived by interpreting formative evidence in a different way that both are in the hand of the teacher. 2.2 What to assess? Journals/ reflective logs/ diaries Brown (1997) argued that learning diaries, logs and journals are essentially the same, in that all are regarded as to promote feedback and all are based on the concept that the feedback is beneficial language learning. Nevertheless, someone always keep it in her/his mind that there are differences between these three activities. Take one example, Freeman and Lewis (1998) find that logs has less personal than diaries. Logs record a learners activities truthfully, while diaries are a personal selection of events that can add some reflection and understanding of their learning. Furthermore, Gibbs (1995) puts journals between diaries and logs, because journals include some reflection but not as personal as a diary. Journals Journal writing is a powerful way for individuals to give accounts of their experience (Clandinin and Connelly, 1994: 421), while writing journal is not only for this purpose, Brown (1997) points out four purposes of leaning journals. He discusses that journal writing as a type of assessment tool creates students opportunities to reflect their learning progress and problems; record students learning experiences. It is also a chance for expressing feeling and emotion of their leaning. Logs Brown (1997) states that student can use learning logs to provide a self-report of their learning experience. In order to solve the problem of this kind of assessment, Brown (1997) proposes that logs may include information concerning what language error or mistakes starts have been made, the reason why occurred this kind of error, how to solve this problems and which kind of approaches will be helpful. Freeman and Lewis (1998:254) emphasize that making an explicit and clear criteria is very important. They advise teacher to tell their student: what to record; how much detail to record; the number and range of items to include; the time period over which to record; the desired format; the type of analysis to be carried out prior to submission. Diaries A diary is a book, which has a separate space, or page for each day, students can write down their learning experiences they have and their private thoughts. A diary with real-time features includes written records, but also involves pictures and other multimedia. Therefore, diaries are described as an appropriate form of assessment where the learning is focusing on the processes of doing something rather than on the result. Diary writing could be a way of building up students confidence in their own thoughts and feelings, rather than taking on other peoples in an uncritical fashion. It could be said therefore to encourage independent thinking (Ashcroft and Foreman-Peck, 1994:59). Falchikov (2005) critically evaluate the advantage and disadvantage of diary writing. These techniques are easy to use and cost effective. What is more? Self-reporting is believed to engender self-revelation, therefore, useful for collecting intimate information. However, a number of disadvantages have also been identified. Assessing logs, journals and diaries As with many of the newer assessment methods, little is recorded in the literature about how logs, journals or diaries may be assessed. Bound and Knights (1994) asserted that setting an assignment which teacher believe will encourage reflection is not sufficient, as the intent of the student is a important determinant of what actually happens. Additionally, Brown (1997) indicated that no study had been done to certain whether the use of learning journals changes the style of learning. Based on his own experience of using the learning log method, assessment may be carried out in a number of ways. Teacher may mark the written record, or using the guidelines supplied as criteria against which to judge the work. Students may submit a self-assessment of all or part of the record. McNamara and Deane (1995) refer to that peer assessment is not suitable method for assessing logs, journals and diaries. Because these diaries were, meant to be private and read only by the writers themselves Oral presentation Falchikov (2005) states that in oral presentations, students research a topic and present their achievement in front of their teacher and other classmates. Oral presentation are often linked with self or peer assessment. Falchikov (2005a) find that involving students in the assessment of oral presentation is very beneficial. At the same time, ask the other peer have to provide feedback, which can get the other students concentration. This way will be more active engagement than simply listening. This kind of assessment will not only improve the oral skill of the students, but also may be developing the other skill. Portfolios Because progress tests and proficiency tests are both need to assess students at the certain time, students only get one-off chance to reveal their real level of knowledge. It is unfair to some students who are not good at exams innately. As a result, portfolio assessment appeared, unlike traditional measures which tend to evaluate students possession of knowledge at the certain time, portfolio assessment can allow students to show their best pieces of work over the period of time. There are some obvious benefits of portfolio assessment; firstly, it makes students more independent and self-governing. Whats more ¼Ã… ¸Students have a chance to modify their work before submitting, it will have a positive wash back effect on assessment. (Harmer, 2007) However, the pitfalls still exist in portfolio assessment. Using portfolio assessment can be time-consuming; teacher need more time to give the marks. The reliability of portfolio assessment need to be consider, because students complete this kind of assessment out of classroom, it is difficult to confirm that the students finish their assessment by themselves, nobody helps them. (Harmer, 2007) 2.3 The relationship between assessment and pedagogy Before we discuss the relationship between assessment and teaching approach, we need to clear the concept of these approaches: Their definitions, features and so on. The Presentation, Practice and Production (PPP) PPP refer to presentation, practice and production. At the presentation stage, the teacher introduces new vocabulary and grammatical structures. At the practice stage, the lesson moves from controlled to guided practice. At the production stage, teacher will encourage students to present what they have learned and perform some communicative activity. In this stage, the heart of the matter is on meaning ¼Ã‹â€ fluency ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °rather than forms (accuracy). (Harmer, 2007) Some of the advantages of the PPP model are that first it is clear and easy to conduct by the teacher. Secondly, it is easy to evaluate, as there are often clear goals to be obtained. Thirdly, there is the belief that learning with focus on forms will become one kind of habit (Skehan, 1996). Nevertheless, with the development of theories in TESOL, some language teachers keep it in their mind that the PPP model is not valid. It is not enough for the teacher to simply help practise the structure. The teacher should also try to create meaningful teaching materials for student to use the structures learned in real communication (Wang, 2006).. Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT) Task-based Language Teaching is widely promoted in English language teaching nowadays. Many teachers are asking what is Task-based Language Teaching? How is TBLT different from communicative language teaching? Task-based Language Teaching is, in fact, a further development of CLT (Walsh, 2011). Thornbury (2006) suggests that TBLT has emerged from the strong form of CLT. It shares the same beliefs, as language should be learned as close as possible to how it is used in real life. However, it has stressed the importance to combine form-focused teaching with communication-focused teaching. When students are carrying out a task, they are focusing on the complete act of communication. Sometimes, however, we may wish to focus their attention on individual aspects of language, such as vocabulary, grammar or individual skills. We can call these activity exercises. Another kind of activity, which is very common in CLT, comes halfway between tasks and exercises. This kind of activity consists of contextualised practice of language items (often a particular grammar point). For instance, it could be an activity that helps the students to master the present continuous tense by getting them to describe what is happening in a picture. This kind of activity can be called an exercised-task. (Littlewood, 1993) Differences between PPP and TBLT Willis (1996) provided two perspectives to identify the difference between PPP and TBLT. The way learners express language in TBLT is completely different from PPP (Willis, 1996). In TBLT, all 3 components (task, planning and report) are free of language control, students have to rely on their own language resources. The purpose of TBLT is using language for real communication. In PPP model, learners adjust their language at the practice stage. Nevertheless, in TBLT, we adjust our language at the report stagethe last one. The planning stage encourages students to consider appropriateness and accuracy of the language form in general, rather than the production of a single form. The report allows learner to exchange their idea and information freely, but in PPP model, learners do not have any freedom to a certain extent. TBLT can provide a context for grammar teaching and form-focused activities. PPP is different in this aspect (Willis, 1996). In PPP model, with the presentation of the target language coming first, this context has to be invented. However, in TBLT, the context is already established by the task itself. When students finished the task, the language is already familiar. The activities in TBLT encourages learners to use the target language to analyse and think, not just simply to repeat. A PPP model leads from accuracy to fluency; a TBLT cycle leads from fluency to accuracy (combined with fluency). Overall, PPP offers a simplified approach to language learning. It is based upon the idea that you can present language in a clear way. Moreover, your language develops by adding new forms from one lesson to the next. However, simply being able to produce forms in isolation will not help learners acquire the language for communication. Research proves that if there are plenty of opportunities with students to practise language in meaningful context, which will be the best way for students to acquire language effectively. (Frost, 2004) 2.3.4 Introduction of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Although people have different understanding of communicative language teaching, the following three principles suggested by Richards and Rodgers (2001): Communication principle: the core of CLT activities are real communication, which will promote language learning. Task principle: the language used in activities is for carrying out the tasks, which will promote learning. Meaningfulness principle: language that is meaningful to the learner supports the learning process. It is important to note that CLT requires a higher level of communicative competence on the part of the teacher. It also requires that teacher develops a wider range of skills beyond the presentation and explanation of grammatical structures (Hedge, 2000). In a communicative classroom, a great deal of time is spent on managing learning, setting up activities, organizing resources, guiding students in pair/group work. Howatt (1984) proposes a weak and a strong version of CLT. With the weak version, learners first acquire language as a structural system and then learn how to use it in communication. The strong version of CLT claims that language is acquired through communication (Howatt, 1984:279). This means that learners discover the structural system in the process of learning how to communicate. In other words, the weak version regards overt teaching of language forms and functions as necessary means for helping learners to develop the ability to use them for communication, whereas the strong version regards experiences of using the language as the main means or necessary condition for learning a language as they provide the experience for learners to see how language is used in communication. Savignon (2004) maintains that CLT in its strong form cannot be adhered to via a single textbook, implicitly suggesting that ELT materials that are termed communicative must be adhering to the weaker form. 3. Methodology 3.1 Research question The topic research question: What are English teacher own beliefs about the effects of assessment on teaching English experience? Finding the balance between formative assessment and summative assessment. Then try to find the relationship between assessment and pedagogy. I intend to centre on teachers viewpoints on English language assessment. From teachers aspect, the questions will draw attention to the close relationship between assessment and pedagogy. What type of assessment is beneficial to teaching? That is to say, what kind of assessment is good for learning English? When assessment is solely dependent on test results, teachers tend to begin teaching to the test (washback effect). Teaching has become test practice. They try to find out what will be tested and how it will be tested. Is it good for learning English? 3.2 Interview Question Design In the beginning, my interview questions are very generalization, and contain some specialized vocabulary. I used to have an interview experience, so I know if the questions are too hard to answer, will be putting pressure on interviewees. Therefore, I try to make my question simplification and concretization, in order to reduce the pressure on interviewees. Interview questions of teachers 1. According to your teaching experience of students, summative and formative assessment, which kind of assessment do you think is good for language teaching and learning? Why? 2. Could you explain the advantage and disadvantage of each assessment respectively? 3. When you assess your students language learning, how many factors do you consider? What are they? 4. Do you consider the motivation of your students? 5. Besides testing, what are the other methods that can be used to gather information about the knowledge and performance of language learners? Please give examples if possible. 6. What are the usual formats of the tests that you have taken in your experiences of English teaching? 7. Is there any particular format that you like or dislike? Give your reasons. 8. Do you think examinations could reflect student learning better than the other type of assessment? If yes, give a reason. If no, please take one instance. 3.3 Methods the Rationales Since the total conception of the research was based on investigating English language teachers and Chinese learners own beliefs about the effects of assessment on learning English experience, go without saying, the research methods used should be satisfied this determination. Qualitative approach is above all else a person-centred enterprise and therefore particularly appropriate to our work in the field of language teaching (Richards, 2003:9), so it deserves to be depended on in my research. A number of different interview types can be employed to gather data for qualitative research. Interviews are often associated with survey-based research, as well as being a technique used by many qualitative researchers. In structured interviews, researchers usually ask an identical set of questions of all respondents. Less rigid are semi-structured interview, in which the researcher used a written list of questions as a guide, while still having the freedom to digress and explore more information. On the other hand, in unstructured interview, no list of questions is used. Instead, interviewers develop and adapt their own questions, helping respondents to open up and express themselves in their own terms and at their own speed. (Mackey and Gass, 2005) Mackey and Gass (2005) stated that interviews could allow researchers to investigate phenomena that are not directly observable, such as learners self-reported perceptions or attitudes. In addition, because interviews are interactive, researchers can elicit additional data if initial answers are vague, digression, incomplete, or not specific enough. Another advantage of interview is that they can be used to elicit data from learners who are not comfortable in other modes. Take one instance, some learners are more at ease speaking than writing and more likely to provide extended answers in a conversational format. Depending on the research question and the resources available, interviews can also be conducted in the learners mother tongue (L1), thus removing concerns about the proficiency of the learner affecting the quality and quantity of the data provided. According to the two groups of interviewee, I apply in different interview type. For students group, I prefer using semi-structured interview. For teachers group, the narrative interview may be the best policy. Actually, the narrative interview is one kind of unstructured interview. Flick (2002) defines that the narrative interview is different from the traditional way of interview, which will help the researchers free themselves from the question-answer pattern and approach the personal experience of interviewees. The interviewees are encouraged to tell their own stories of the assessment on learning English experience. 3.4 Research Procedure I explained to my interviewee in the beginning about the whole process, the orientation of the questions, and the time needed approximately. During the process of our interview, the interviewees could speak both English and Chinese. Because I had no experience about how to conduct an interview, and did not do the Pilot Study that is a simulated interview before the real interview. Therefore, when I interview my first participant -Wing, sometime she confused by the question which sounded profound. Wing was my best friend in China and she was very nice and patient. If she did not understand what I mean, she will discuss with me about this question. Then I revised my questions with her help. She proposed some suggestion for my interview. I also discuss with her about my question for students. During the process of interview, I encourage interviewees to talk about some of their own experiences. Moreover, do not mind if they use Chinese to explain the questions more clearly. Finally, after we went through all the questions, the interview was going smoothly. 3.5 Ethical Concerns There are some important ethical concerns, which have been considered throughout the entire study. At first, consent both in written (see Appendix) and verbal form was given to each potential participant previously, so that they could have enough time to decide whether to join this research. Because my research method is interview, my participants are not anonymous to me. Therefore, protecting their privacy and holding in confidence what they share with me must be the best policy. I will fully inform all of participants about my research purpose, and make sure they totally understand what their agreement to participate entail. Furthermore, participates can withdraw from my research at any time. 4. Result Teacher A : Wing What is Wings belief about the effects of assessment on learning English experience? Wing thinks that English assessment, especially test is absolutely very important. Because she worked in a Cram school, has lots of pressure from the administrate of the school and her students parents. What is assessment? Wing regards the language assessment as a tool to keep a check on her learners, through a language assessment, she can find out strengths and weakness of her students and herself. Actually, in most of cases, Wing thinks that assessment is to do with testing. Do you think examinations could reflect student learning better than the other type of assessment? If yes, give a reason. If no, please take one instance. Wing believes that examinations cannot be said to be the best means of assessment, but the test is really the most effective way to measure students language learning effect. Besides testing, what are the other methods that can be used to gather information about the knowledge and performance of language learners? That is to say, what are the other methods that you prefer using to assess your student? You have some choices: teachers observation, interview, journals/ reflective logs/diaries, oral presentations, portfolios. Wing recalls the day when she was a student, both her English and Chinese language teachers recommended diary writing as an effective means of improving language proficiency. Therefore, when she started as a teacher, she began to try to use this method to assess her students. Actually, diary writing is the better way to assess student grammar and vocabulary. Towards grammar, she could identify common error in the use of article, tenses and preposition. Common errors in the spelling of particular word were also easily spotted. Towards vocabulary, diary writing can be very good to help students understand some words of their special usage. For example, lots of students always confuse the usage of the words hope and wish, because in China, there is a word can express both these two words. In students diaries, many students often want to express a strong desire or hope for something, but they always confound these two words. Wing mentions that some students translate their meaning from Chinese to English directly, they do not think in English way. After a period, Wing finds that dairies writing have some shortcoming. For example, sometimes teacher is hard to control what student write. Sometimes what students write are not teacher want to assess. Sometimes Wing finds that it is quite difficult to comments or analyses her students diaries, because diaries is their own experience. Therefore, Wing changes her assessment method in the other way. She ask all of her student to read a series of books BOOK WORMS which was published by Oxford University Press. This series of books are the simplification of many world famous works. Every time she will layout a book requires students to read at home, and then write impression of the book. she wants to find out the difficulties her students had with a summary assignment they had been given, so she requested that her students write in their diary, talk about the difficulties they had when they did the assignment. However, Wing also finds out that if she too frequently requires students to do like that, by the time the students have lost all their motivation for writing diary. According to your teaching experience of students, summative and formative assessment, which kind of assessment do you think is good for language teaching and learning? Why? Because Wing works in a Cram school, each student in this school has a goalthat is to pass the exam. This invisible to students a great deal of pressure, will definitely affect their learning effect. She believes that formative assessment is good for language teaching and learning. Consider the other methods (you mentioned at question 3) that you prefer using to assess your student again, which is your purpose of this assessment method? Formative or summative? Formative assessment. Wing think that it could be for summative assessment, but she think there is intense pressure on her students from exam, she does not want to put more pressure on her students. Therefore, she always assess her students by formative purpose. In your classroom, what teaching methods do you usually use? Grammar translation approach or you can say that is PPP (Presentation, Practice and Production) module. When you assess your students language learning, how many factors do you consider? You have some choice: linguistic (Grammar and Vocabulary), interest, culture background, motivation, teaching approach, to foster learning ability. Wing states that she will consider grammar and vocabulary at the first place, because all of her teaching and assessment are examination-oriented. Do you think that your main teaching approach will influence you to assess your students? Wing says that it is difficult to answer this question. She want to say yes, because her teaching goal is examination-oriented, she use grammar-translation approach, therefore, she is unable to control herself to consider linguistic (Grammar and Vocabulary) when she assess her students. Teacher B: Linda What is Lindas belief about the effects of assessment on learning English experience? Linda works in a private high school, she has approximately 2 years teaching experience. What is assessment? Linda always use language assessment in her classroom, she regards language assessment as a way of keeping a check on the student learning. She always carry out an assessment with recording-keeping, to discover learners achievements. Do you think examinations could reflect student learning better than the other type of assessment? If yes, give a reason. If no, please take one instance. Linda thinks that examination is not the only way that could reflect student learning. She cannot decide which one is better. Besides testing, what are the other methods that can be used to gather information about the knowledge and performance of language learners? That is to say, what are the other methods that you prefer using to assess your student? You have some choices: teachers observation, interview, journals/ reflective logs/diaries, oral presentations, portfolios. Linda indicated that she always use interview and oral presentation to assess her students. Compared to other skills, Linda pays more attention to speaking skill during she assess her student. She suggests dividing her process of assessment into two parts: If it is the first time she meets a student, she prefers to interview s/he face to face. Regard to her all class, Linda think oral presentation is not only benefit for students learning, but also good for team cooperation spirit. According to your teaching experience of students, summative and formative assessment, which kind of assessment do you think is good for language teaching and learning? Why? Formative assessment. In the process of learning, keep abreast of student mastery of knowledge, correct errors in a timely manner, to amend his mistakes early is better than the final. Consider the other methods (you mentioned at question 3) that you prefer using to assess your student again, which is your purpose of this assessment method? Formative or summative? For interview, Linda think formative assessment will be her purpose, because it focus on what are the next steps in learning. For oral presentation, summative assessment will be h

Shakespeare?s 10 things Essay -- essays research papers

1. Betrayal and revenge 2. Metaphors of death-King Lear, Merchant of Venice, Othello 3. Humor- A Midsummer Night's Dream, As You Like It 4. Pastoral settings- Ling Lear, A midnight Summer's Dream 5. Madness and insanity- Othello, Midnight Summer?s Dream, King Lear 6. Reversal- the main character falls from a high place 7. Letters- King Lear, Merchant of Venice 8. Things are not as they appear- King Lear, Merchant of Venice, Midsummer Night?s Dream 9. The Father/Daughter Conflict-Midsummer, King Lear, Merchant of Venice 10. Justice- King Lear, Merchant of Venice The Father/Daughter Conflict- In Midnight Summers Dream, Egeus commands Hermia, his daughter, to wed Demetrius, whom she does not love. Against the advisement of the Duke Theseus, who recommends that, ''To you your father should be as a god", (Act I, Scene I, Line 48). Hermia wishes to marry Lysander. Egeus threatens his daughter with the penalty of death or exile. In The Merchant of Venice, Shylock?s daughter, Jessica, denies her faith and steals from her father in order to marry Lorenzo, a man of whom she is unequally yoked. In King Lear, the title character, ruler of Britain, attempts to divide his kingdom according to the profession of love by his three daughters: Goneril, Regan and Cordelia. Goneril and Regan profess undying love choosing the most melodic words, while Cordelia is speechless at the task, stating:..........Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave .....................My heart into my mouth: I love your majesty .....................According to my bond; nor more nor less. (Lines 93-95) King Lear becomes angry with Cordelia and banishes her. The other daughters begin to treat him viciously, Goneril slapping him at one point. Letters- Shakespeare uses letters as characters in the plays that serve to tie key factors together for cohesion and clarity. In the Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare uses a letter from Antonio to bring the culmination of events to a head at the end of the play, setting the stage for the courtroom scene. Antonio writes, "my ships have all miscarried"(314) He tells his friend of his troubles and beckons him to come see him one last time as he ultimately gives his life for his friend?s debt. If Bassanio does not go to the court proceedings, then his wife Portia has no cause to be in the court scene, which leads to A... ...ia?s life without her father would have been an unhappy one. She reflects in the first scene that it is this love and attachment that kept her celibate for so long. With the newly revived relationship and her father?s final recognition of Cordelia, she would not have been able to bear losing him again in the event of his demise. Although the image of Lear holding Cordelia seems horrific, it is actually quite pleasant to see that final image of him cradling Cordelia as a father would a beloved daughter. Shylock?s ill deeds do not go unpunished in The Merchant of Venice. The climactic courtroom scene where Portia tricks the Jew into submission give credence to Shakespeare?s theme of justice throughout each play. As the audience stomachs through each act, watching Shylock?s moods shift from rage to self pity and eventually to the brink of lunacy, they anticipate justice being served to the ill-famed character. The fact that Shakespeare uses a woman to mastermind and in effect hand over the sentence, cemented by the male judge, is another part of justice being served in that Jessica, Shylock?s daughter, was unable to stand up to her father and speak against his will.

Tutankhamun’s Tomb, Egypt

Ancient History Preliminary Assessment Task 2013 TRANSCRIPT: TUTANKHAMUN’S TOMB, EGYPT When archaeologist Howard Carter discovered the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922, he remarked that it was â€Å"the day of days, the most wonderful that I have ever lived through, and certainly one whose like I can never hope to see again. † On that November day, not only had this man uncovered an unknown ancient Egyptian tomb, but one that had lain nearly undisturbed for over 3000 years whose remains laying within astounded the world.Previous excavations in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt by Theodore Davis had found and cleared the tombs of Tutankhamun’s family and their possessions. By 1913, Davis had not yet found an intact royal tomb and became disillusioned, finally declaring the area exhausted of By 1920, the tomb of nearly every New Kingdom king from between 1550 and 1070 BCE had been found in the Valley of the Kings, but Tutankhamun’s remained missing. Lord Carnarvon , an English aristocrat who was enthusiastic about Egyptology, applied for and purchased the license Davis gave up and chose Howard Carter, a British Egyptologist, to continue the search.Minor finds by Davis bearing Tutankhamun’s name led Carter to believe the king was still somewhere in the valley and felt the finds justified a further exploration. Between 1917 and 1921 the two worked in the eastern valley without success. Carter convinced Carnarvon to persist for another season, determined to find Tutankhamun. Carter’s team cleared bedrock using the grid system of archaeological excavation. This technique was developed in WWI for the purpose of maintaining a system that ensured stratigraphic control of excavations in trench digging and artillery barrages.Using these methods, on November 1st 1922 a staircase was uncovered in the limestone cliffs of the Valley of the Kings. The entrance door, which had a dry limestone blocking plastered with gypsum, was later uncovered to reveal Tutankhamun’s name. The entrance they excavated then led to an eight-metre-long corridor that revealed evidence of past robberies. Four small rooms flowed from the entrance and corridor, including an Antechamber, Annexe, Burial Chamber and Treasury. On November 6, Lord Carnarvon was summoned by telegraph and arrived with his daughter, Lady Evelyn Herbert, to watch the excavation process unfold.Compared to tombs of other pharaohs of the time, Tutankhamun’s tomb was small and lacked some of the more elaborate features – for example, tomb paintings and decoration were only found in the Burial Chamber room rather than all rooms. Due to Tutankhamun’s early death, a lack of time was left to prepare his tomb. One of the most remarkable divisions of Tutankhamun’s tomb was that he was the only pharaoh to have been discovered intact in his tomb with the complete burial furniture and possessions surrounding. These objects included gilded statues of Tutankhamun, gods, and family members,.Objects from the king’s daily life were also present such as clothes, furniture and sceptres. Funerary goods such as canopic jars containing the king’s entrails and hundreds of shabtis (which were small statues of people, intended to serve as slaves in the afterlife) were found, along with more personal items. Two miniature coffins containing mummies of stillborn babies were placed beside Tutankhamun’s sarcophagus. These were likely to have been his children by his half-sister and wife, Ankhsenamun, whom he married around the age of ten. It took Carter the most part of ten years to empty all the chambers.This was due to difficulties from a sudden change in protocol and access privileges from both British and Egyptian governments, affecting the excavation on the site and delaying the whole process. It was also due to the meticulous process Carter took in his excavation – each object was recorded, catalogued, describe d, and photographed in situ, before being preserved and conserved, then finally packed and transported to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. The main archaeological find of the tomb however, was King Tutankhamun himself. Inside the burial chamber were four gilded shrines, one inside the other.The innermost shrine held a quartzite sarcophagus which in turn held three coffins. The innermost coffin made of solid gold contained the mummy of Tutankhamun, wrapped in linen and wearing his famous gold plated mask, inlaid with blue glaze and inscribed with religious spells. Although the body was found to be poorly preserved, Tutankhamun was notable for being the only Egyptian pharaoh found in situ, intact and unsealed since ancient times in his tomb. In 1925 the body was removed from the coffins with difficulty, due to the abundance of resin that had been poured over the mummy at the funeral.Carter and his team were forced to cut the body in order to remove it from the coffin. Four sessions of sc ientific analysis were conducted on Tutankhamun’s body over the years. These proved to ablaze many controversial issues and interpretations over Tutankhamun’s cause of death. The first inquiry was an autopsy which began after Carter’s excavation in 1925, carried out by Douglas E. Derry, a Professor of Anatomy at the Egyptian University in Cairo. Derry found Tutankhamun to have a fracture in his lower left thighbone, a large, ragged embalming wound, and estimated his age of death to be between 18 and 22 years.He also reconfirmed the body’s poor preservation, noting that the inner layers of linen were reduced to the ‘consistency of soot’, that an overload of resin destroyed the corpse, and that the nose was heavily flattened by the bandages. The second scientific analysis of the body was conducted by R. G. Harrison in 1968. With an x-ray the team concluded that two bone fragments in the skull and haemorrhaging may have been caused by a blow to the head, and that the body was missing a sternum and some frontal rib bones. This caused speculations about Tutankhamun’s death, some suggesting murder and others suggesting a fatal chariot accident.Examiners also noted that the spine showed signs of scoliosis. A further x-ray and blood analysis in 1978 was led by James E. Harris. It wrongly concluded that the king was perhaps 23 to 27 years old at death. A blood analysis supported the idea that Tutankhamun was related to the body of Akhenaten found in another tomb in the Valley of the Kings – suggesting it was Tutankhamun’s father. A final CT scan in 2005 was conducted to test the conclusions of previous inquiries and to look for additional details still undiscovered.Led by Dr Zahi Hawass, the scan confirmed the previous findings of the king’s height, health, general features and age of death at around 18-19 years. It also disproved the theory of scoliosis, relating the curvature of his spine instead th e way his body was arranged by the embalmers. 8MINSThe theory of murder by head trauma and death relating to the missing ribs was also ruled out and blamed on embalmers and/or Carter’s team, The leg trauma found in Tutankhamun’s lower left femur may have introduced infection which may have been fatal.This theory however remains unproven. Facial reconstruction of King Tutankhamun was also commenced using the new CT scan data in 2005. A forensic anthropologist calculated sizes of tissue on his face. A cast was then made of the skull from this data which was used to build a latex model. When the CT scan data and skull cast was given to another forensic team for checking, the skin colour proved to be somewhat controversial in interpretation. Controversies occurred as it is impossible to determine skin colour accurately.This is because there is a large variation on skin tones in the area, and not enough accurate information available as Ancient Egyptian art depicted bodies in unrealistic colours. Thus, no consensus on the King’s skin tone was reached, however the overall results between the different reconstructions was similar. At the time of discovery, very little was known about this ancient pharaoh. Thanks to the efforts put into many investigations over the years and, in particular, the 1923 ‘Curse of King Tut’ phenomena that was spread through media following the untimely death of Lord Carnarvon, knowledge and interest of Tutankhamun has skyrocketed.Tutankhamun’s legacy remains to this day and he continues to stand across the globe as one of the most well-known Egyptian pharaohs in history. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Carter, H. , Mace, A. C. , The Tomb of Tut-Ankh-Amen: Discovered by the Late Earl of Carnarvon and Howard Carter, Volume 1 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1923), 94. [ 2 ]. N. Reeves, The Complete Tu tankhamun, Thames & Hudson, 1990, pp. 116-17

George Clinton - Fourth U. S. Vice President

George Clinton - Fourth U. S. Vice President George Clinton (July 26, 1739 - April 20, 1812) served from 1805 to 1812 as the fourth vice president in the administrations of both Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. As Vice President, he set up the precedent of not bringing focus to himself and instead simply presiding over the Senate.   Early Years George Clinton was born on July 26, 1739, in Little Britain, New York, a little more than seventy miles north of New York City. The son of farmer and local politician Charles Clinton and Elizabeth Denniston, not much is known of his early educational years although he was privately tutored until he joined his father to fight in the French and Indian War.   Clinton rose through the ranks to become a lieutenant during the French and Indian War. After the War, he returned to New York to study law with a well-known attorney named William Smith. By 1764 he was a practicing attorney and the following year he was named the district attorney.   In 1770, Clinton married Cornelia Tappan. She was a relative of the wealthy Livingston clan who were wealthy landowners in the Hudson Valley that were distinctly anti-British as the colonies moved closer to open rebellion. In 1770, Clinton cemented his leadership in this clan with his defense of a member of the Sons of Liberty who had been arrested by the royalists in charge of the New York assembly for seditious libel.   Revolutionary War Leader Clinton was nominated to represent New York at the Second Continental Congress which was held in 1775. However, in his own words, he was not a fan of legislative service. He was not known as an individual who spoke up. He soon decided to leave the Congress and join the war effort as a Brigadier General in the New York Militia. He helped stop the British from gaining control of the Hudson River and was recognized as a hero. He was then named a Brigadier General in the Continental Army.   Governor of New York In 1777, Clinton ran against his old wealthy ally Edward Livingston to be Governor of New York. His win showed that the power of the old wealthy families was dissolving with the ongoing revolutionary war. Even though he left his military post to become the states governor, this did not stop him from returning to military service when the British tried to help reinforce the entrenched General John Burgoyne. His leadership meant that the British were unable to send help and Burgoyne eventually had to surrender at Saratoga.   Clinton served as Governor from 1777-1795 and again from 1801-1805. While he was extremely important in helping with the war effort by coordinating New York forces and sending money to support the war effort, he still always kept a New York first attitude. In fact, when it was announced that a tariff was to be considered that would greatly impact New Yorks finances, Clinton realized that a strong national government was not in his states best interests. Because of this new understanding, Clinton was strongly opposed to the new Constitution that would replace the Articles of Confederation.   However, Clinton soon saw the writing on the wall that the new Constitution would be approved. His hopes shifted from opposing ratification to becoming the new Vice President under George Washington in the hopes of adding amendments that would limit the reach of the national government. He was opposed by the Federalists who saw through this plan including Alexander Hamilton and James Madison who worked to have John Adams elected as Vice President instead.   Vice Presidential Candidate From Day One Clinton did run in that first election, but was defeated for the vice presidency by John Adams. It is important to remember that at this time the vice presidency was determined by a separate vote from the President so running mates did not matter.   In 1792, Clinton ran again, this time with the support of his former foes including Madison and Thomas Jefferson. They were unhappy with Adams nationalist ways. However, Adams once again carried the vote. Nonetheless, Clinton received enough votes to be considered a future viable candidate.   In 1800, Thomas Jefferson approached Clinton to be his vice-presidential candidate which he agreed to. However, Jefferson eventually went with Aaron Burr. Clinton never fully trusted Burr and this distrust was proven when Burr would not agree to allow Jefferson to be named President when their electoral votes were tied in the election. Jefferson was named president in the House of Representatives. To prevent Burr from re-entering New York politics, Clinton was once again elected Governor of New York in 1801.   Ineffectual Vice President In 1804, Jefferson replaced Burr with Clinton. After his election, Clinton soon found himself left out of any important decisions. He stayed away from the social atmosphere of Washington. In the end, his primary job was to preside over the Senate, which he was not very effective at either.   In 1808, it became obvious that the Democratic-Republicans would choose James Madison as their candidate for the presidency. However, Clinton felt it was his right be chosen as the next presidential candidate for the party. However, the party felt different and instead named him to be Vice President under Madison instead. Despite this, he and his supporters continued to behave as if they were running for the presidency and made claims against Madisons fitness for office. In the end, the party stuck with Madison who won the presidency. He opposed Madison from that point on, including breaking the tie against the recharter of the National Bank in defiance of the president.   Death While in Office Clinton died while in office as Madisons Vice President on April 20, 1812. He was the first individual to lie in state in the US Capitol. He was then buried at the Congressional Cemetery. Members of Congress also wore black armbands for thirty days after this death.   Legacy Clinton was a revolutionary war hero who was immensely popular and important in early New York politics. He served as the Vice President for two presidents. However, the fact that he was not consulted and did not truly affect any national politics while serving in this position helped set a precedent for an ineffectual Vice President.   Learn More George Clinton, 4th Vice President (1805-1812), US Senate BiographyKaminski, John P.  Ã‚  George Clinton: Yeoman Politician of the New Republic.  New York State Commission on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution, University of WisconsinMadison Center for the Study of the American Constitution (Rowman Littlefield, 1993).

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Bio

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Bio Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez is an American politician and former community organizer. Her embrace of democratic socialism and economic, social, and racial justice  issues earned her a large following among fellow progressive millennials, which propelled her to a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. Her ascent is noteworthy because she defeated the fourth-highest ranking Democrat in Congress and became the youngest woman elected to the House. Fast Facts: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Occupation: Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New YorkNickname: AOCBorn: Oct. 13, 1989, in Bronx County, New York City, New YorkParents: Sergio Ocasio (deceased) and Blanca Ocasio-CortezEducation: B.A. in Economics and International Relations, Boston UniversityKnown For: Youngest woman elected to Congress. She was 29 when she took office in January 2019Interesting Fact: Ocasio-Cortez worked as a waitress and bartender before running for CongressFamous Quote: â€Å"Where did I get off? I mean, I’m going to tell people that I, as a waitress, should be their next congresswoman?† Early Life Ocasio-Cortez was born in New York on Oct. 13, 1989, to Sergio Ocasio, an architect raised in South Bronx, and Blanca Ocasio-Cortez, a native of Puerto Rico who cleaned houses and drove a school bus to help the family pay the bills. The couple met when he was visiting family in Puerto Rico; they married and moved to a working-class neighborhood in New York City. Both parents had been born into poverty and wanted their daughter and son, Gabriel Ocasio-Cortez, to have more prosperous childhoods. The family eventually relocated from New York City to a wealthy suburb, Yorktown Heights, where they lived in a modest home and sent Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez to a mostly white high school, where she excelled. Ocasio-Cortez graduated from Yorktown High School in 2007 and entered Boston University, initially studying biochemistry. She got her first taste of politics by volunteering to make phone calls for Democrat Barack Obamas successful 2008 presidential campaign. Her life changed dramatically, though, when her father was diagnosed with lung cancer while she was at college. Ocasio-Cortez said her fathers death her sophomore year forced her to put all of her energy into school. The last thing my father had told me in the hospital was ‘Make me proud,’ she said in an interview with The New Yorker. I took it very literally. My G.P.A. skyrocketed.† After her fathers death, Ocasio-Cortez shifted gears and began studying economics and international relations. She graduated with a bachelor of arts degree from Boston University in 2011. By that time she had also stepped back into politics, working part-time through college in the Boston office of U.S. Sen. Ted Kennedy, the so-called liberal lion and surviving member of the Kennedy political dynasty. The 2016 Campaign and a Career in Politics After college, Ocasio-Cortez worked as a waitress and bartender. She became involved in politics at the national level in the 2016 Democratic primaries, when she canvassed for U.S. Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont, the Democratic Socialist who unsuccessfully sought the presidential nomination against former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. After Sanders lost, like-minded Democratic Socialists began recruiting candidates to run for the House and Senate as part of an effort called Brand New Congress. In the fall of 2016, as Republican Donald Trump was heading toward a stunning electoral upset over Clinton, Ocasio-Cortezs brother sent an application to the group on her behalf, and her campaign for Congress was born. Like Sanders, Ocasio-Cortez supports such proposals as free public college and guaranteed family leave. A marcher holds a sign that say, If Youre Scared of Me, You Are The Problem with an image of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Democratic of the 14th congressional district of the House Of Representatives in front of Trump International Hotel during the Womans March in the borough of Manhattan in NY on January 19, 2019. Ira L. Black - Corbis / Getty Images In the June 2018 Democratic primary, Ocasio-Cortez soundly defeated U.S. Rep. Joseph Crowley, who had amassed a great deal of influence not just in his district but among his partys congressional leadership over two decades. Ocasio-Cortez went on to defeat a Republican, college professor Anthony Pappas, in the fall election to take the seat representing New York states solidly Democratic 14th Congressional District, which is centered in New York City and covers parts of the Bronx and Queens boroughs. Nearly half the residents of the district are Hispanic, and fewer than 20 percent are white. At age 29, she became the youngest woman to win a House seat. The youngest person elected to Congress was William Charles Cole Claiborne of Tennessee, who was 22 when he began serving in 1797. Democratic Socialist Ideology Ocasio-Cortez has championed economic, social, and racial justice in the House. In particular, she has taken on the issues of wealth disparity and the treatment of undocumented immigrants in the United States. She proposed taxing the wealthiest Americans at income-tax rates of as much as 70 percent; called for the abolition of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the Homeland Security agency that arrests and deports people living in the United States illegally; and pushed for the elimination of for-profit prisons. U.S. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY) speaks as Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA) (R) and other Congressional Democrats listen during a news conference in front of the U.S. Capitol February 7, 2019 in Washington, DC. Sen. Markey and Rep. Ocasio-Cortez held a news conference to unveil their Green New Deal resolution. Alex Wong / Getty Images Her most ambitious policy proposals were contained in the so-called Green New Deal, which she said is designed to combat climate change by shifting the energy portfolio in the United States away from fossil fuels to all renewable sources such as wind and solar within 12 years. The Green New Deal also proposed non-energy moves such as a job guarantee program to assure a living wage job to every person who wants one,† as well as universal health care and a basic income. Much of the new spending to fund those programs would come from higher taxes on the wealthiest Americans. Many political observers have suggested that Ocasio-Cortez- whose campaign was funded by small donors and not corporate interests, and whose agenda sets her apart from the establishment members of the Democratic Party- has replaced Sanders as the de facto leader of the left. Sources Remnick, David. â€Å"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortezs Historic Win and the Future of the Democratic Party.† The New Yorker, The New Yorker, 17 July 2018, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/07/23/alexandria-ocasio-cortezs-historic-win-and-the-future-of-the-democratic-party.Chappell, Bill, and Scott Neuman. â€Å"Who Is Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez?†Ã‚  NPR, NPR, 27 June 2018, www.npr.org/2018/06/27/623752094/who-is-alexandria-ocasio-cortez.ï » ¿Wang, Vivian. â€Å"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez: A 28-Year-Old Democratic Giant Slayer.†Ã‚  The New York Times, The New York Times, 27 June 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/06/27/nyregion/alexandria-ocasio-cortez.html.The Intercept. â€Å"A Primary Against the Machine: A Bronx Activist Looks to Dethrone Joseph Crowley, the King of Queens.†Ã‚  The Intercept, 22 May 2018, theintercept.com/2018/05/22/joseph-crowley-alexandra-ocasio-cortez-new-york-primary/.

Sustainble business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sustainble business - Essay Example Social, economic, and environmental issues caused by businesses have prompted firms to act against the negative impacts of their operations (Folke & Gunderson, 2010). In essence, businesses are increasingly embracing green operations and/or strategies. The idea of sustainability is to ensure that business decisions account for the welfare of the entire society. In this respect, businesses are developing green products, employing sustainability-driven production mechanisms, or promoting environmentally friendly means of doing business. The ultimate objective is to shift from traditional competition practices to contemporary and greener modes of business within a highly competitive setting. The theory of sustainable business is subject to the influence of four major pillars, namely: economics, ecology, social science, and evolution (Holling, 2000). These pillars inform the completeness of sustainable business theories. The economic factor is critical in explaining both business and social welfare in the society. Business operations that negate the economic welfare of the masses fail to account for sustainable business practices. Drawing from principles of economics, sustainable business has to be financially viable and most importantly fit for future generations. Ecology and sustainable business connect based on maintaining, conserving, and protecting dynamic systems that define environmental relationships. Ecological systems host diverse and dynamic species, all of which compete with one another in many different ways. In this respect, sustainable business cannot afford to destroy ecological relationships that define people-nature interactions. Moreover, social science and evolution also play a central role as far as sustainable business is concerned. The interaction of people and nature crates many different developments that subsequently result in evolutionary processes (Penfield, 2008). For example,

Psychological Anthropology Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psychological Anthropology - Research Proposal Example Dean attempts to persuade Cindy to give their relationship another chance but Cindy refuses and moves away with their daughter claiming that their daughter cannot stay in a broken home. The film ends where Dean walks away from the house and tells the daughter who runs after him to stay with her mother.The reason for choosing the Blue Valentine film is to explore the social life or cultural phenomena of people in the society. The research investigates or aims to determine social aspects of people in a given society. In anthropology, the study of social aspects is classified under social anthropology, which is the branch of anthropology that attempts to reveal the way human beings behaves in the social groups or in the society. The researchers of social anthropology often carry a long-term and intensive field studies including participant observations, customs, conflict resolution, family structure, childbearing and gender relations. Therefore, the film of the Blue Valentine attempts t o focus on the social life of two young couples, the underlying logic of Dean and Cindy, their social behaviors and contradictions of their social life. Therefore, using the narrative or the storyline from the film can enable one to explore the ambiguities, contradictions of social life in the contemporary society or the underlying aspects of social behaviors in a social group. This will enable the researcher to develop a clear picture on the way human beings in social groups behave in the contemporary society.... Section B The reason for choosing the Blue Valentine film is to explore the social life or cultural phenomena of people in the society. The research investigates or aims to determine social aspects of people in a given society. In anthropology, the study of social aspects are classified under social anthropology, which is the branch of anthropology that attempts to reveal the way human beings behaves in the social groups or in the society (Casey and Robert 37). The researchers of social anthropology often carries a long-term and intensive field studies including participant observations, customs, conflict resolution, family structure, childbearing and gender relations. Therefore, the film of the Blue Valentine attempts to focus on social life of two young couples, the underlying logic of Dean and Cindy, their social behaviors and contradictions of their social life. Therefore, using the narrative or the storyline from the film can enable one to explore the ambiguities, contradictions of social life in the contemporary society or the underlying aspects of social behaviors in a social group. This will enable the researcher to develop a clear picture on the way human beings in a society groups behaves in the contemporary society. Therefore, the researcher will focus on the issue by extending social phenomena beyond art, culture and cognition. Section C Social theory is an effective approach that the researcher can use in the significant data analysis. Social theory is analytical approach or paradigm employed by researchers in examining the social phenomena. This theory takes into considerations the way societies lives, develops or behaves; thus it is an approach attempts to explain the social behaviors of human beings in the